《迷信》（20250307出书）一周论文导读

Science, 7 MAR 2025, VOL 387, ISSUE 6738《迷信》2025年3月7日，第387卷，6738期?医学MedicineProtein codes promote selective subcellular compartmentalization卵白质代码增进抉择性亚细胞区室化▲ 作者：HENRY R. KILGORE, ITAMAR CHINN et al.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq2634▲择要：本研讨中，咱们展现了存在共享功效的卵白质共享氨基酸序列代码，这些代码领导它们达到各自的亚细胞区室。咱们开辟了一种卵白质言语模子ProtGPS，能高效猜测练习集之外的人类卵白质的区室定位。ProtGPS胜利领导了抉择性在核仁中组装的新型卵白质序列的天生。ProtGPS还辨认出了转变这一代码并招致卵白质亚细胞定位转变的病理渐变。咱们的成果标明，卵白质序列不只包括折叠代码，还包括一个先前未被辨认的代码，该代码把持它们向差别亚细胞区室的散布。▲ Abstract：In this study, we demonstrate that prote188金宝搏体育ins with shared functions share amino acid sequence codes that guide them to compartment destinations. We developed a protein language model, ProtGPS, that predicts with high performance the compartment localization of human proteins excluded from the training set. ProtGPS successfully guided generation of novel protein sequences that selectively assemble in the nucleolus. ProtGPS identified pathological mutations that change this code and lead to altered subcellular localization of proteins. Our results indicate that protein sequences contain not only a folding code but also a previously unrecognized code governing their distribution to diverse subcellular compartments.资料迷信Materials ScienceMandrel-free fabrication of giant spring-index and stroke muscles for diverse applications用于多样化利用的无芯轴制作巨型弹簧指数跟行程肌肉▲ 作者：MENGMENG ZHANG, SHAOLI FANG et al.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr6708▲择要：制作高弹簧指数聚合物纤维或纱线肌肉的方式平日须要昂贵的芯轴环绕工艺，这限度了它们的现实利用。咱们展现了一种低本钱的无芯轴方式，用于制作弹簧指数可超越50且压缩拉伸行程超越97%的聚合物肌肉。该方式经由过程转变捻度使弹簧指数沿十大滚球外围平台肌肉长度变更，从而在加热或冷却时实现肌肉在同手性跟异手性之间的改变。咱们展现了这些聚合物肌肉在呆板人中的利用以及情况驱动的舒服调理夹克中的利用。这种无芯轴方式还被用于制作高弹簧指数的碳纳米管纱线，用于机器能量网络器、自供电应变传感器以及溶剂驱动跟电化学驱动的人工肌肉。▲ Abstract：Methods for making high-spring-index polymer fiber or yarn muscles have required expensive fabrication by wrapping around a mandrel, which limits their practical applications. We demonstrate an inexpensive mandrel-free method for making polymer muscles that can have a spring index of 50 and a contractile tensile stroke exceeding 97%. This method enables the spring index to be varied along a muscle’s length by varying the plying twist, resulting in muscles that transition between homochiral and heterochiral when either heated or cooled. We demonstrate use of these polymer muscles for robots and environmentally driven comfort-adjusting jackets. This mandrel-free method was used to make high-spring-index carbon nanotube yarns for mechanical energy harvesters, self-powered strain sensors, and solvent-driven and electrochemically driven artificial muscles.地球迷信Earth ScienceTropical forests in the Americas are changing too slowly to track climate change美洲寒带丛林变更速率太慢，无奈跟上气象的变更▲ 作者：JESúS AGUIRRE-GUTIéRREZ, SANDRA DíAZ et al.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl5414▲择要：在此，咱们探索了美洲寒带丛林近多少十年来怎样因气象变更而产生群落特点构成的变更。依据汗青特点与气象的关联，咱们发明，总体而言，基于察看到的气象变更，咱们研讨得出的功效特点表现出不到预期值8%的变更。但是，新群落表现出绝对于气象变更预期的21%的变更。地球上生物多样性最丰盛的丛林正在阅历功效特点构成的变更，但其变更速率基本缺乏以跟上气象变更的步调。▲ Abstract：Here, we examined how tropical forests of the Americas have shifted community trait composition in recent decades as a response to changes in climate. Based on historical trait-climate relationships, we found that, overall, the studied functional traits show shifts of less than 8% of what would be expected given the observed changes in climate. However, the recruit assemblage shows shifts of 21% relative to climate change expectation. The most diverse forests on Earth are changing in functional trait composition but at a rate that is fundamentally insufficient to track climate change.Upslope plant species shifts in Mesoamerican cloud forests driven by climate and land use change中美洲云雾林的动物因气象跟地皮应用变更而向高海拔迁徙▲ 作者：SANTIAGO RAM REZ-BARAHONA, NGELA P. CUERVO-ROBAYO et al.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn2559▲择要：寰球变更正在驱动天下范畴内的生物多样性变更。但是在生物多样性极高的寒带地域，这些变更却不为人知。在寒带山区，动物年夜多预期会因气象变暖而向高海拔迁徙。为了验证这一点，咱们应用从前三十年的物种呈现记载，剖析了中美洲云雾林物种海拔范畴的变更。咱们的研讨成果表现，自1979年以来，较不耐热的山地物种均匀每年向高海拔迁徙1.8至2.7米。因为物种差别水平地裸露于丛林砍伐跟气象变更的影响之下，这些迁徙年夜多随同着物种散布高低界线的退缩皇冠app最新版本下载。咱们的研讨成果凸显了云雾林在寰球变更下的懦弱性，以及增强对物种呼应停止监测的紧急性。▲ Abstract：Global change drives biodiversity shifts worldwide, but these shifts are poorly understood in highly diverse tropical regions. In tropical mountains, plants are mostly expected to migrate upslope in response to warming. To assess this, we analyze shifts in elevation ranges of species in Mesoamerican cloud forests using three decades of species’ occurrence records. Our findings reveal a mean upslope shift of 1.8 to 2.7 meters per year since 1979 driven by the upslope retreat of the less thermophilic montane species. These shifts are mostly accompanied by retreating lower and upper edges attributed to varying degrees of species’ exposure to deforestation and climate change. Our results highlight the vulnerability of cloud forests under global change and the urgency to increase monitoring of species’ responses.生物学BiologyHistoric manioc genomes illuminate maintenance of diversity under long-lived clonal cultivation木薯基因组提醒了临时无性滋生种植下多样性的保持情形▲ 作者：LOGAN KISTLER, FABIO DE OLIVEIRA FREITAS et al.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq0018▲择要：木薯又称树薯跟尤卡，来源于全新世晚期的南美洲，是天下上最主要的作物之一。为了驯化其淀粉质根部，木薯多少乎完整从有性滋生改变为了无性滋生。当初寰球多少乎全部的木薯都是经由过程茎插条莳植的。在这项工研讨中，咱们剖析了573个新的跟已宣布的木薯基因组，重点存眷来自美洲的传统种类跟来自动物标本馆的野生近缘种，以提醒这种向无性滋生改变的影响。咱们察看到长间隔的亲缘关联、高遗传多样性的保持、代际杂合性的富集以及衔接寰球全部木薯的遗传同源单倍型块的基因组嵌合体。与巴西塞拉多土人传统农夫的访谈提醒了传统治理战略怎样经由过程保持、多样化跟共享基因库来塑造木薯的多样性。▲ Abstract：Manioc—also called cassava and yuca—is among the world’s most important crops, originating in South America in the early Holocene. Domestication for its starchy roots involved a near-total shift from sexual to clonal propagation, and almost all manioc worldwide is now grown from stem cuttings. In this work, we analyze 573 new and published genomes, focusing on traditional varieties from the Americas and wild relatives from herbaria, to reveal the effects of this shift to clonality. We observe kinship over large distances, maintenance of high genetic diversity, intergenerational heterozygosity enrichment, and genomic mosaics of identity-by-descent haploblocks that connect all manioc worldwide. Interviews with Indigenous traditional farmers in the Brazilian Cerrado illuminate how traditional management strategies for sustaining, diversifying, and sharing the gene pool have shaped manioc diversity.植物学ZoologyRapid butterfly declines across the United States during the 21st century美国蝴蝶数目在21世纪急剧降落▲ 作者：COLLIN B. EDWARDS, ELISE F. ZIPKIN et al.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp4671▲择要：浩繁虫豸群体的数目降落已被记载上去，而且，这一情形的潜伏成果是重大的。蝴蝶是最广受考察的虫豸类群，但是对其的剖析每每受限于地舆范畴或依附于单一监测名目的数据。应用来自35个监测名目的超越76000次考察中记载的1260万只蝴蝶的数据，咱们刻画了美国外乡蝴蝶总体及特定物种的品貌趋向。2000年至2020年间，记载的554种蝴蝶的总品貌降落了22%。物种层面的降落广泛存在，降落的物种数目是增添的物种数目的13倍。美国全部地域蝴蝶数目广泛降落的景象凸显了维护蝴蝶免遭进一步丧失的紧急性。▲ Abstract：Numerous declines have been documented across insect groups, and the potential consequences of insect losses are dire. Butterflies are the most surveyed insect taxa, yet analyses have been limited in geographic scale or rely on data from a single monitoring program. Using records of 12.6 million individual butterflies from 76,000 surveys across 35 monitoring programs, we characterized overall and species-specific butterfly abundance trends across the contiguous United States. Between 2000 and 2020, total butterfly abundance fell by 22% across the 554 recorded species. Species-level declines were widespread, with 13 times as many species declining as increasing. The prevalence of declines throughout all regions in the United States highlights an urgent need to protect butterflies from further losses.